Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by Alexander Choukér

Author:Alexander Choukér
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030169961
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

19.3 Summary

Spaceflight represents a unique environment that is comprised of multiple stresses before, during, and after flight and result in activation of the HPA and SAM axes and subsequent increased circulating concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines, and neuropeptides. Many immune functions are consistently diminished in astronauts immediately after spaceflight, and a spaceflight-induced shift to a Type 2 cytokine pattern is becoming evident. Alterations in immunity and stress hormone levels result in reactivation of latent herpes viruses. The medical significance of altered immunity and increased, but asymptomatic viral reactivation in astronauts is unknown, but it is possible that spaceflight-induced changes in immunity may increase during the exploration missions, some of which will have much longer durations than current ISS missions. Further decreases in immunity may result in greater risks of active infection by opportunistic pathogens, including latent herpes viruses. These studies of asymptomatic reactivation of latent herpes viruses in an extremely healthy group of subjects may provide new insight into stress, immunity, and viral disease in the general population.

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